Definition: Vocal Fold Paresis / Vocal Fold Paralysis is a vocal disorder where the vocal fold(s) don't open or close properly due to abnormal nerve input to the voice box muscles (laryngeal muscles).  The nerves involved in the tensing and opening of vocal folds are the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), [...]

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a vocal disorder where involuntary movements (spasms) of the muscles inside of the vocal folds (larynx) occur during speech.  This interferes with the production of voice; causing breaks in the voice and also resulting in strained speech. Also referred to as: Laryngeal Dystonia Strangled voice Various Types: Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD):  [...]